Політичні й інституційні перешкоди та ризики завершення демократичного транзиту і європейської інтеграції та шляхи їхнього подолання: кейс України як винятковий на тлі інших країн Європи
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2024.50.120-152Ключові слова:
політичний транзит, політичний режим, «ніколи незавершуваний» політичний транзит, демократія, демократизація, гібридний режим, автократія, міжінституційні відносини, система правління, напівпрезиденталізм, УкраїнаАнотація
Стаття присвячена аналізу концепта «ніколи незавершуваного» політичного транзиту та перешкод і ризиків завершення демократичних перетворень і європейської інтеграції в країнах Центрально-Східної, Південно-Східної та Східної Європи, із особливим акцентом на випадку України. У розвідці розглянуто теоретичні підходи до вивчення політичних транзитів, зокрема модернізаційний, демократизаційний, транзитологічний та інституційний, а також обґрунтовано і верифіковано підхід до розуміння політичного переходу як динамічного і незавершуваного явища. Проведено порівняльний аналіз сценаріїв розвитку політичних режимів у різних аналізованих країнах, які демонструють волатильність і нестабільність у процесі демократизації. Особливу увагу приділено Україні, яка, попри зусилля із реформ та європейської інтеграції, проте в рамках змінюваного політичного й інституційного середовища, стикається з численними ризиками та перешкодами, що заважають завершенню демократичного транзиту. У статті висвітлено ключові виклики і ризики, а також запропоновано рекомендації щодо консолідації демократичних інститутів і практик та подальшого просування України до європейських структур.
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