Дипломатична місія Української Народної Республіки в ІІ Речі Посполитій та її роль у підписанні Варшавського договору 1920 р.

Bohdan Hud; Rostyslav Hud

doi:10.31861/mhpi2024.49.63-74

Authors

Bohdan Hud Ivan Franko National University of Lviv https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6811-2696
Rostyslav Hud Ivan Franko National University of Lviv https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8422-1814

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2024.49.63-74

Keywords:

Ukrainian People’s Republic, Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian Diplomatic Mission in Rzeczpospolita, Andriy Livytskyy, Roman Knoll, diplomatic negotiations, diplomatic declaration, the Treaty of Warsaw 1920, Symon Petliura, Józef Piłsudski

Abstract

The article analyses the activities of the Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the Second Polish Republic. The mission began its activities on the 3rd of October 1919. That year it held five meetings with representatives of the Polish government, followed by six in 1920 – a total of eleven. Based on the archival documents, some of which have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the author assesses its role in solving existential problems in the context of the crisis of Ukrainian statehood. The content of the documents confirms the complexity of the negotiation process between the UPR and the Second Polish Republic in autumn-winter 1919, which was conditioned by to the significant incompatibility of the military, political, territorial, and economic interests of the two countries. Moreover, there was additional pressure on the negotiators from the Polish right-wing political forces, which sought to use Ukraine’s difficult situation to achieve its own goals. The author emphasises on the personal contribution of the Head of the Mission, Head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic Andriy Livytskyi to drafting and adoption of the Declaration of December 2nd 1919, which paved the way for the Polish-Ukrainian understanding known as the Piłsudski-Petlyura Alliance or the Treaty of Warsaw (April 21st1920) that made it possible to combine the military potentials of the two states in the fight against the threat of Moscow imperialism. It is noted that the Mission basically fulfilled its tasks, thanks to which the UPR was recognised by the Second Polish Republic as a sovereign state and received its support in the struggle for independence. As a result, on May 21st 1920, by order of the Chief Ataman of the UPR, Symon Petliura, the Mission completed its work.

Author Biographies

Bohdan Hud, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Doctor of historical sciences, professor, director of the Institute of European Integration

Rostyslav Hud, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Postgraduate Student, Department of International Security and Strategic Studies

References

Bruskyi Ya., Hnatiuk O., Kozhenovskyi M. (2019). “Ukrainska revoliutsiia stala yavyshchem okremym vid revoliutsii rosiiskoi”. Memorial Romana Knolia vid 1(14) hrudnia 1917 r. “Rewolucja ukraińska przybrała charakter od rewolucji rosyjskiej odrębny”. Memoriał Romana Knolla z 1(14) grudnia 1917 r., Pratsi Ukrainsko-Polskoi komisii 1917-1921 rr. T. 1, Ed-s V. F. Verstiuk, Ya.Ia. Bruskyi, vidpovidalnyi sekretar V. V. Skalskyi. Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy, Kyiv, s. 256-275 [In Ukrainian].

Viedienieiev D. (2007). Dyplomatychna sluzhba Ukrainskoi derzhavy. 1917—1923 roky: navch. posib. Naukovo-vydavnychyi viddil NA SB Ukrainy, Kyiv, 260 s. [In Ukrainian].

Viedienieiev D. V., Budkov D. V. (2006). Yunist ukrainskoi dyplomatii. Stanovlennia zovnishnopolitychnoi sluzhby Ukrainy v 1917 – 1923 rokakh. K.I.S., Kyiv, 311 s. [In Ukrainian].

Hrytsenko A. P. (2004). Deklaratsiia dyplomatychnoi misii UNR u Varshavi vid 2 hrudnia 1919, Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy: T. 2: H-D., Ed-s: V. A. Smolii (holova) ta in. Naukova dumka, Kyiv. Available at: http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Deklaraciya_dyplomat_misii [accessed 15.04.2024] [In Ukrainian].

Hud B. (2018). Z istorii etnosotsialnykh konfliktiv. Ukraintsi y poliaky na Naddniprianshchyni, Volyni y u Skhidnii Halychyni v XIX – pershii polovyni XX st. Akta, Kharkiv, 482 s. [In Ukrainian].

Hud B., Holubko V. (1997). Nelehka doroha do porozuminnia. Do pytannia henezy ukrainsko-polskoho viiskovo-politychnoho spivrobitnytstva 1917 – 1921 rr. Ukrainski tekhnolohii, Lviv, 68 s. [In Ukrainian].

Hryshchenko K. (Ed.) (2010). Istoriia ukrainskoi dyplomatii: pershi kroky na mizhnarodnii areni (1917–1924 rr.): dokumenty i materialy, M-vo zakordon. sprav Ukrainy, Derzhkomarkhiv Ukrainy, UNDIASD; avt. proektu, avt. peredmovy I. B. Matiash; uporiad.: I. B. Matiash (ker.), L. V. Andriievska, H. K. Volkotrub, M. V. Horbatiuk, M. V. Koval, I. M. Maha, L. F. Prykhodko, O. O. Shulha, Vyd-vo humanit. l-ry, Kyiv, 592 s. [In Ukrainian].

Kuchyk O. (2001). Ukraina v zovnishnii politytsi Antanty (1917–1920 rr.). Lvivskyi natsionalnyi un-t im. Ivana Franka, Lviv, 224 s. [In Ukrainian].

Kuchyk O. (2010). Zovnishnia polityka Ukrainy: navchalnyi posibnyk. Znannia, Lviv, 572 s. [In Ukrainian].

Lytvyn S. (2001). Sud istorii: Symon Petliura i petliuriana. Vyd-vo im. Oleny Telihy, Kyiv, 640 s. [In Ukrainian].

Lisevych I. (1997). Politychni aspekty ukrainsko-polskoho soiuzu 1920 p., Polska i Ukraina. Sojusz 1920 roku i jego następstwa, Ed. Z.Karpus, W.Rezmer, E.Wiszka, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, s. 81-97 [In Ukrainian].

Maiorov M. (2020). Na shliakhu do Varshavskoi uhody: dyplomatychna bytva za kordony (+ karty), Likbez. Istorychnyi Front. Available at: https://likbez.org.ua/ua/ukrayinska-na-shlyahu-do-varshavskoyi-ugodi-diplomatichna-bitva-za-kordoni-karti.html [accessed 10.05.2024] [In Ukrainian].

Mlynovetskyi R. (1953). Istoriia ukrainskoho narodu. Ukrainske naukove vydavnytstvo, Miunkhen, 643 s. [In Ukrainian].

Nahaievskyi I. (1993). Istoriia Ukrainskoi derzhavy dvadtsiatoho stolittia. Ukrainskyi pysmennyk, Kyiv, 412 s. [In Ukrainian].

Papakin A. H. (2004). Stosunky mizh UNR ta Polshcheiu v 1918-1919 rr., Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA : Istorychni nauky, Tom 27, s. 38-41 [In Ukrainian].

Rudnytskyi Yu. (2024). Varshavska uhoda. Yak i chomu stalosia tak, a ne inakshe, Istorychna pravda. Available at: https://www.istpravda.com.ua/columns/2024/04/18/163847/ [accessed 10.05.2024] [In Ukrainian].

Mykhalchuk V. (Uklad.) (1996). Symon Petliura ta yoho rodyna: Do 70-ty richchia yoho trahichnoi zahybeli. Dokumenty i materialy. Rada, Kyiv, 318 s. [In Ukrainian].

Tsentralnyi Derzhavnyi Arkhiv Vyshchykh Orhaniv Vlady ta Upravlinnia Ukrainy (TsDAVOU), F. 1429 (1917-1938) Kantseliariia Dyrektorii Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky, m. Kyiv, m. Kamianets-Podilskyi, terytoriia Polshchi, Chekhoslovachchyna, 5 op., 314 spr., Kyiv [In Ukrainian].

TsDAVOU, F. 2211 (1919-1923) Ukrainska dyplomatychna misiia UNR v Rechi Pospolytii Polskii, m. Varshava, 1 op., 5 spr., Kyiv [In Ukrainian].

TsDAVOU, F. 3696 (1918-1924) Ministerstvo zakordonnykh sprav Ukrainskoi Narodnoi respubliky, m. Kyiv, m. Kamianets-Podilskyi, m. Vinnytsia, m. Tarniv (Polshcha), 3 op., 961 spr., Kyiv [In Ukrainian].

TsDAVOU, F. 3933 (1919-1945) Mazepa Isaak Prokhorovych (1884-1952) sekretar TsK Ukrainskoi sotsial-demokratychnoi robitnychoi partii, ministr vnutrishnikh sprav, holova Rady narodnykh ministriv Dyrektorii UNR, doktor prava Ukrainskoho vilnoho universytetu v m. Prazi, vykladach Ukrainskoi hospodarskoi akademii v m. Podebradakh, 1 op., 18 spr., Kyiv [In Ukrainian] [In Ukrainian].

Borkowski A. (1991). Narodowa demokracja wobec wojny na wschodzie w 1920 r., Biuletyn Naukowy Akademii Rolniczo-Technicznej, Olsztyn, № 1 (8), s. 61-79 [In Polish].

Bruski J. J. (2000). Petlurowcy. Centrum Państwowe Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej na wychodźstwie, 1919 – 1924. Arcana, Kraków,600 s. [In Polish]

Klimecki M. (1997). Wojna czy pokoj. Polsko-ukrainskie negocjacje 1918-1921, Polska і Ukraina. Sojusz 1920 roku і jego następstwa, Ed. Z. Karpus, W. Rezmer, E. Wiszka. Toruń, s. 43-79 [In Polish].

Klimecki M. (2000). Polsko-ukrainska wojna о Lwow і Wschodnią Galicję 1918-1919 r. Volumen, Warszawa, 219 s. [In Polish].

Pisuliński J. (2004). Nie tylko Petlura. Kwestia ukraińska w polskiej polityce zagranicznej w latach 1918–1923. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław, 445 s. [In Polish].

Serednicki A. (1991). Polsko-ukraińskie kłopoty sojusznicze, Wojna polsko-sowiecka 1920 roku. Przebieg walk i tło międzynarodowe, Ed. A. Koryn. Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa, s. 209-213 [In Polish].

Suleja W. (1995). Józef Piłsudski. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków, 383 s. [In Polish].