Balancing Economic Interests and Political Norms: The EU-Belarus Relations through the Perspective of Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes

Abstract

The article explores the changing cooperation framework between the European Union and Belarus (1994-2022), particularly emphasising cross-border cooperation (CBC) programs. It examines the different motivations of each partner: the EU’s dedication to promoting normative values and democratic standards, contrasted with Belarus’s more pragmatic approach focused on economic benefits and its strategic position between the EU and Russia. Utilising a mixed-methods approach that includes public opinion surveys, program evaluation reports, and recent anonymous in-depth interviews from 2024, the study reveals the complex reasons behind Belarus’s ongoing involvement in CBC programs.
The results indicate that, despite facing significant political and geopolitical challenges, CBC initiatives notably impact Belarus’s socioeconomic landscape. Even with the restrictive political climate and the intricate relationships among Belarus, the EU, and Russia, these programs offer a pathway for regional development and mutual advantage. The study concludes that while the EU’s normative goals may face obstacles, CBC programs promote cross-border unity and improve regional stability.