Культурний вимір «м’якої сили» Китаю

Lu Bai

doi:10.31861/mhpi2023.48.63-73

Authors

Lu Bai Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-0519

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2023.48.63-73

Keywords:

Chinese culture, Chinese foreign policy, Soft Power, penetration of Chinese culture

Abstract

The article contains a detailed justification for the spread of the influence of Chinese culture through the policy of applying the concept of “soft power”. The purpose of the article is to determine the ways and features of the penetration of Chinese culture as a component of the concept of “soft power” into the information and cultural space of other states. “Soft power” is defined as a specific form of power that uses the tools of involvement, persuasion, and gradual, non-violent, latent political and cultural influence. It is emphasized that the strategy of “soft power”, which is now being implemented by China, does not yet have such a significant impact as the economic development of this country. Numerous testimonies were found, as well as the mechanisms for integrating Chinese culture through the implementation of policies based on the concept of “soft power” into the foreign policy of the governments of individual countries and regions. The effectiveness of the People's Republic of China in using the concept of “soft power”, in particular in popularizing the values and culture of China on a global scale, is determined. The activities, mechanisms and institutions for the dissemination of the cultural influence of the People's Republic of China around the world are highlighted. As a result of the study, it was found that the importance of Chinese culture as a “soft power”, its integration into the national development strategy, as well as integration into the foreign policy of the governments of those countries and regions on which the People's Republic of China has not only cultural, but also economic influences is gradually increasing. China exercises its “soft” presence through investments in the formation of its positive image, the intensification of cultural and social contacts and events, the powerful development of information and communication technologies, the development of science, tourism and sports.

Author Biography

Lu Bai , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

Postgraduate Student, Department of International Media Communication and of Communication Technologies, Institute of International relations

References

Horbatenko, V. (2014). «Miaka syla» yak osnova suchasnoi heopolitychnoi stratehii [«Soft power» as the basis of modern geopolitical strategy]. Studia politologica Ucraino-Polona. Vyp. 4. S. 27-31 [in Ukrainian].

Danylenko S. I., Bai Lu (2020). Imidzh Kytaiu v Zovnishnopolitychnii stratehii KPK [China’s Image In The CPC’s Foreign Policy Strategy]. European Political and Law Discourse, Volume 7, Issue 2. Р. 68-78 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46340/eppd.2020.7.2.9

Kapitonenko, M. H. (2010). «Miaka syla» u suchasnii svitovii politytsi: teoretychni aspekty [«Soft power» in modern world politics: theoretical aspects]. Actual Problems of International Relations. Vyp. 2(94). S. 20-29 [in Ukrainian].

Taran M. A. (2012). Rehionalni vymiry ta hlobalna proektsiia «miakoi syly»: zovnishnia polityka Kytaiu na pochatku ХХІ st. Suspilno-politychni transformatsii v krainakh Skhodu na suchasnomu etapi : kolektyvna monohrafiia. [Regional Dimensions and Global Projection of "Soft Power": China's Foreign Policy at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Social and Political Transformations in East Asian Countries in the Modern Period: Collective Monograph] Kyiv: Instytut skhodoznavstva im. A.Iu. Krymskoho NAN Ukrainy. S. 108-121 [in Ukrainian].

BBC World Service (2010). Global Views of United States Improve While Other Countries Decline. Available from https://worldpublicopinion.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/BBCViews_Apr10_rpt.pdf (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Branigan T. (2010). China funds English TV news channel CNC World in push for soft power. The Guardian. Available from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/02/china-english-tv-news-channel-cnc-world (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Edney K. (2012). Soft power and the Chinese propaganda system. Journal of Contemporary China. Vol. 21(78). P. 899-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.701031

Elcano Global Presence Index (2022). China Global Presence Index. Available from https://www.globalpresence.realinstitutoelcano.org/en?countries=156&years=2022 (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Li M., Chen G., Chen J., Deng X. et al. (2009). Soft power: China's emerging strategy in international politics. Lanham : Lexington Books, 275 p.

Lu, S. (2018). Developments and New Approaches of Internationalizing China's Media: A Case Study of China Global Television Network (CGTN) in Witness Perspective. Global Media Journal. Vol. 16(31). Available from https://www.proquest.com/openview/5a203eedd58bfe95878a229d7c6c0c68/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=29638 (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Mingjiang L. (2008). China debates soft power. The Chinese journal of international politics. Vol. 2(2). P. 287-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pon011

Ministry of education the people’s republic of China (2019). Statistical report on international students in China for 2018. Ministry of education the people’s republic of China. Available from http://en.moe.gov.cn/news/press_releases/201904/t20190418_378586.html (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Nilsson P., Yu S. (2021). Behind the scenes at China TV: soft power and state propaganda. Financial Times. Brussels. Available from https://www.ft.com/content/9192de21-2007-4ee5-86a8-ad76bce693dc (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Nye J. S. (2012). China and soft power. South African Journal of International Affairs. Vol. 19 (2). P. 151-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2012.706889

Nye J. S. (2012). Why China is weak on soft power. The New York Times. 3 P. Available from http://ringmar.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Why-China-Is-Weak-on-Soft-Power-NYTimes.pdf (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Nye J. S. (2014). The information revolution and soft power. Current History. Vol. 113 (759). P. 19-22. Available from https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11738398/Nye-Information Revolution.pdf (last accessed 08 September 2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.759.19

Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange (2022). Institute of International Education. Washington. Available from https://opendoorsdata.org/annual-release/international-students/ (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Rajan A. (2021). Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence. BBC news. Available from https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Statista (2021). Number of students from China going abroad for study from 2010 to 2020. Available from https://www.statista.com/statistics/227240/number-of-chinese-students-that-study-abroad/ (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Statista (2023). Number of college and university students from China in the United States from academic year 2011/12 to 2021/22. Available from https://www.statista.com/statistics/372900/number-of-chinese-students-that-study-in-the-us/?gclid=CjwKCAjwjOunBhB4EiwA94JWsE GpgeuO7VFuDwI0P6OW6mkpHbDOyUbgy1VkugtIdViSmJq2gQ1hJBoCd_MQAvD_BwE (last accessed 08 September 2023).

Cheng Tianquan. (2008). Tígāo guójiā ruǎn shílì yīgè zhòngdà de xiànshí kètí. Kēxué yǔ yánjiū. Dì 2 qī, dì 5-8 yè [Enhancing National Soft Power: A Major Realistic Issue. Science and Research, Issue 2, Pages 5-8] [in Chinece].

Cai Limin. (2018). Wénhuà xīng guóyùn xìng, wénhuà qiáng mínzú qiáng. Guāngmíng rìbào [Cultural Prosperity Leads to National Prosperity, Cultural Strength Leads to National Strength. Guangming Daily] [in Chinece].

Hújǐntāo zài dǎng de shíqī dà shàng de bàogào (2007). Huánqiú zàixiàn [Report by Hu Jintao at the 17th Party Congress (2007). Global Times ] [in Chinece].

Huang Renwei. (2023). Wūkèlán wéijī duì “yīdài yīlù” dì dìyuán zhèngzhì jīngjì yǐngxiǎng. Xiàndài guójì guānxì [Geopolitical and Economic Implications of the Ukraine Crisis on the Belt and Road Initiative. Modern International Relations]. Available from https://brgg.fudan.edu.cn/articleinfo_5372.html (last accessed 08 September 2023) [in Chinece].

Wang Junrong. (2013). Bóshì lùnwén: Zhōngguó ruǎn shílì yánjiū. Fùdàn dàxué [Ph.D. Thesis: Research on China's Soft Power. Fudan University] [in Chinece].

Wang Jin. (2023). Yībù yībù, měiguó gěi bā yǐ chōngtú xì shàng “sǐjié”. Huánqiú shíbào. [Step by Step, the United States Ties a "Dead Knot" in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Global Times]. Available from http://www.news.cn/mil/2023-10/25/c_1212293396.htm (last accessed 28 October 2023) [in Chinece].

Zhou Yuhao. (2013). Wénhuà ruǎn shílì chuánbò guòchéng zhōng de shūchū xìng yǔ shèntòu xìng yánjiū—yǐ kǒngzǐ xuéyuàn wéi lì. Xiàndài chuánbò. Dì 5 qī. [Research on the Export and Penetration of Cultural Soft Power in the Process of Communication: A Case Study of Confucius Institutes. Modern Communication, Issue 5]. Available from http://www5.zzu.edu.cn/xinwen/info/1101/6597.htm (last accessed 08 September 2023) [in Chinece].

Zhang Cuiping. (2009). Běijīng àoyùnhuì duì zhōngguó ruǎn shílì de yǐngxiǎng. Tǐyù xué [Effects of Beijing Olympic Games on soft strengths of China. Journal of Physical Education], Vol. 16(5), P. 19-23 [in Chinece].