Military Potential of Central and Eastern European States and Its Significance in Strengthening the EU’s Military Actorness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2025.51.97-109Keywords:
Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Czech Republic, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, military potential, European Union, EU military actorness, Russian-Ukrainian war, NATO, securityAbstract
he role of Central and Eastern European states in the formation and strengthening of the European Union's military actorness was researched. The transformation of the region's countries from the “periphery” to the “security frontier” of the EU under conditions of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine was examined. The military potential of Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia, as well as their participation in Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) projects, was analyzed. The distribution of specialization areas and responsibilities among the region's states was identified. Poland acts as a regional leader in terms of land forces; the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria are providing the technological foundation for defense integration through the development of military-industrial complexes; the Baltic states specialize in countering cyber threats and hybrid attacks. It was established that the CEE-SEE states are gradually reorienting themselves from “consumers” to active participants in the collective defense system, which attests to their strategic value for the European Union.
The approaches used by states in the region to increase their military potential under the influence of external threats, develop their military-industrial complexes, and their cooperation within the EU in the defense sector are analyzed. The conclusion is made that both during the continuation of the Russian-Ukrainian war and in case of its termination or partial freezing, the role of the Central and Eastern European states in the sphere of defense and security will increasingly grow, both due to their proximity to the Russian Federation and due to these states' desire to secure their national interests at the level of state policies and international interest in ensuring collective security within NATO and economic-political stability within the EU.
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