Features of the formation of political trust in Ukraine: the macrolevel of political relations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2017.35-36.372-383Abstract
The article defines the features of the formation of political trust in Ukraine at the macrolevel of political relations. It is established that the formation of political trust at the macrolevel of political relations in Ukraine is reflected in the attitude of citizens toward democracy as a new format of the political system, the main mechanisms of its formation and the functioning of political institutions that ensure the process of transformation and dynamic renewal of the political system.
It is substantiated that the essential aspect that characterizes the political trust of the macrolevel in modern Ukrainian society is the weakness of the connections of a significant number of citizens with political parties as a traditional institution of aggregation of interests and is reflected in the limited understanding of the essence of the multi-party system and its need for political development of Ukraine.
It is proved that the existing indicators of confidence in the institutions of power in Ukraine, actualize the question of its optimal boundaries. As practice shows, both the lack of trust and the surplus of trust are barriers to strengthening the democratic foundations of the political system and political process. A significant deficit of confidence limits the power and reduces the activity of citizens, hinders the development of integration processes in society, inhibits the adoption and implementation of constructive reforms. Excessive trust in institutions of power and political institutions, creating uncontrolled and permissive behavior, can not lead to anything else, as to the arbitrariness of power, which is the first step towards the restoration or strengthening of authoritarianism. Therefore, in order for political confidence to contribute to the development of democratic processes, its level should not approach either the lowest or the highest possible values.
Keywords: Political trust, macro level of politics, Ukraine, political institutions, democracy, democratization
References
2. Vybory do Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny 2006 roku: Informatsiyno-analitychnyy zbirnyk (2006). U dvokh knyhakh. Knyha 1 / Redkol. Ya. V. Davydovych (holova), M.I. Mel'nyk, M.I. Stavniychuk, Kyyiv, Atika, s. 453.
3. Instytut sotsiolohiyi NANU (2017), Rezul'taty natsional'nykh shchorichnykh monitorynhovykh opytuvan' 1992-2016 rokiv, rezhym dostupu: http://i-soc.com.ua/uploads/Dodatki(2016).pdf (data perehlyadu 12.10.2017)
4. Panina, N. (2005). Ukrayins'ke suspil'stvo: 1994–2005: sotsiolohichnyy monitorynh, Kyyiv, Instytut sotsiolohiyi NANU.
5. Pozacherhovi vybory narodnykh deputativ Ukrayiny 2007 roku: Informatsiyno-dovidkove vydannya (2008), Kyyiv, Feniks.
6. Politychna kul'tura ta parlamentaryzm v Ukrayini: suchasnyy stan ta osnovni problemy. Informatsiyno-analitychni materialy do fakhovoyi dyskusiyi 14 hrudnya 2017 r. (2017), Kyyiv.
7. Rotar, N. (2007). Politychna uchast' hromadyan Ukrayiny u systemnykh transformatsiyakh perekhidnoho periodu: Monohrafiya, Chernivtsi, Ruta.
8. Fond Demokratychni initsiatyvy imeni Il'ka Kucheriv (2017), Stavlennya hromadyan do politychnoyi sytuatsiyi, vyboriv i partiy. Pres-reliz. 9–13 chervnya 2017 r., rezhym dostupu: http://dif.org.ua/uploads/pdf/11837777675979e41751cad8.18422987.pdf (data perehlyadu 18.08. 2017)
9. Fond Demokratychni initsiatyvy imeni Il'ka Kucheriva (2017), Hromads'ka dumka, hruden'–2017: vyborchi reytynhy i reytynhy doviry, rezhym dostupu: http://dif.org.ua/article/reytingijfoj seojoej8567547 (data perehlyadu 20.12.2017)
10. Tsentral'na vyborcha komisiya Ukrayiny (2017), Vybory Prezydenta Ukrayiny, rezhym dostupu: http://www.cvk.gov.ua/ (data perehnyadu 14.04.2016)
11. Cherhovi, promizhni, povtorni vybory narodnykh deputativ Ukrayiny 2011 – 2013 rokiv. Informatsiyno-analitychnyy zbirnyk (2014), Kyyiv, Atika, 2014.
12. Allum, N, Read, S, Sturgis, P. (2011). Evaluating change in social and political trust in Europe using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis with structured means. In: Davidov E, Schmidt P, Billiet J, editors. Cross-cultural analysis. Methods and applications, New York, Routledge, 2011, p. 35–53.
13. Bovens, M, Wille, A. (2008). Deciphering the Dutch drop: Ten ex-planations for decreasing political trust in the Netherlands, Interna-tional Review of Administrative Sciences, № 74 (2), р. 283–305.
14. Brewer, P, Aday, S, Gross K. (2005). Do Americans trust other na-tions? A panel study, Social Science Quarterly, № 86 (1), р. 36–51.
15. Catterberg, G, Moreno, A. (2006). The individual bases of political trust: Trends in new and established democracies, International Jour-nal of Public Opinion Research, № 18(1), р. 31–48.
16. Dalton, R. (1994). Communists and Democrats: Attitudes Toward Democracy in the Two Germanies, British Journal of Political Sci-ence, № 24, р. 469–493.
17. Dalton, R. J. (2005). The social transformation of trust in govern-ment. International Review of Sociology,№ 15 (1), р. 133–154.
18. Easton, D. (1975). Reassessment of the concept of political support, British Journal of Political Science, № 5 (4), р. 435–457.
19. Eisenstadt, T. (2004). Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strate-gies and Electoral Institutions, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
20. Freedom house (2017), Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores. Ukraine Country Profile (режим доступу: https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2017/ukraine (дата перегляду 12.10.2017)
21. Hendriks, F. (2009). Contextualizing the Dutch drop in political trust: Connecting underlying factors, International Review of Administra-tive Sciences, № 75 (3), р. 473–491.
22. Hetherington M. J, Rudolph TJ. (2008). Priming, performance, and the dynamics of political trust The Journal of Politics, № 70 (02), р. 498–512.
23. Hooghe, M, Marien, S. A comparative analysis of the relation be-tween political trust and forms of political participation in Europe, European Societies, 2013, № 15 (1), р. 131–152.
24. Levi, M, Stoker, L. (2000). Political trust and trustworthiness, Annual Review of Political Science, № 3, р. 475–507.
25. Lindberg, S. (2009). The Power of Elections in Africa Revisited. In: Democratization by Elections, Baltimore, The John Hopkins Univer-sity Press.
26. Lust, E. (2009). Competitive Clientelism in the Middle East, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 20, № 3, р. 122–135.
27. Marien, S, Hooghe, M. (2011). Does political trust matter? An empir-ical investigation into the relation between political trust and support for law compliance, European Journal of Political Research, № 50 (2), р. 267–291.
28. Morlino, L. (2004). Good and Bad Democracies: How to Conduct Research into the Quality of Democracy, Journal of Communist Stud-ies and Transition Politics, Vol. 20, № 1, р. 5–27.
29. Newton, K. (2002). Trust, social capital, civil society, and democracy, International Political Science Review, № 22 (2), р. 201–214.
30. Pew Research Center (2017), Religious Belief and National Belong-ing in Central and Eastern Europe National and religious identities converge in a region once dominated by atheist regimes, режим доступу: http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/democracy-nationalism-and-pluralism/ (дата перегляду 12.10.2017)
31. Przeworski, А. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
32. Rudolph, T, Evans, J. (2005). Political trust, ideology, and public support for government spending, American Journal of Political Sci-ence, № 49 (3), р. 660–671.
33. Teorell, J., Hadenius, A. (2009). Elections as Levers of Democratiza-tion: A Global Inquiry In: Democratization by Elections, Baltimore, The John Hopkins University Press.
