Threats and Challenges for young European Countries in New International Conditions, Using Ukraine and Moldova as a Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.56-61Abstract
Several mounts ago, during emergency meeting of UN Security Council, General Secretary Antonio Guterres, made a very trebling statement, that Cold war is back and it is even more dangerous than in the 60’s.
This is not news for majority of scientific community. New international conflict started in 2014 when Russia annexed Crimean peninsula. New international conflict will definitely change the balance in international relations.
The most vulnerable in these new conditions are the young democracies and countries that formed several decades ago due collapse of USSR and the whole communist bloc, Ukraine, Moldova, south Caucasian and Baltic states.
Imperial past left a lasting mark on economical, social and political life of newly form states. Soviet social experiments led to good number of problems for the former republics, ranging from political to territorial.
Russian Federation uses these problems for her advantage. Surviving in this harsh conditions and reforming their society is the main challenge of young European countries.
Key words: Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Putin, hybrid war, post-soviet space, international security
References
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4. The World Bank. (2018) Growth of Russian GDP. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2016&locations=EN&start=2008. (date of reference: 05/22/2018).
5. Statictica.com.(2018)Russia: the growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2012 to 2022. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/263621/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-russia/.(date of reference: 05/22/2018).
6. Trading economics.(2018)GDP of Russia - forecast. Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/gdp/forecast (date of reference: 05/22/2018).
7. Radio Free Europe.(2018)Russia, Despite Military Ventures, Cut Defense Spending By Most In Decades. https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-despite-ventures-syria-kraine-cut-military-spending-last-year-most-since-1998-economic-collapse-western-sanctions-recession/29203634. html (date of reference: 05/22/2018).
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9. Gulf News. (2018) Hungary and the nuclear option. https://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/hungary-and-the-nuclear-option-1.2204498 (date of reference: 05/22/2018).
10. The Guardian. (2018) Putin welcomes Le Pen to Moscow with a nudge and a wink. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/24/putin-welcomes-le-pen-to-moscow-with-a-nuhe-and-a-wink (date of reference: 05/22/2018).
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14. Institutul Politicii Publice, (2017) Barometer of Public Opinion. Republic of Moldova. April 2017. Chisinau.
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16. Kiev International Institute of Sociology (2018) Rating of Party and Political Leaders Support: February 2018 Year. https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=753&page=1&t=2 (date of reference: 04/05/2018).
17. Kyiv International Institute of Sociology. (2018) Ukrainian citizens' feelings in May of 2017 year https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=709&page=1&t=6 (date of reference: 05.04.2018).
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21. Subtelny O. (1993) Ukraine History. Kyiv: "Lybid", 1993. p. 236.
22. Gerasimov V. (2013) The value of science in foresight. VPK https://www.vpk-news.ru/articles/14632 (date of reference: 05.04.2018).
23. Information resistance. It is known how much Russia spends on propaganda. https://inforesist.org/stalo-izvestno-skolko-rossiya-tratit-na-propagandu/ (date of reference: 05.04.2018).
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Published
2018-12-12
How to Cite
Russu, R. (2018). Threats and Challenges for young European Countries in New International Conditions, Using Ukraine and Moldova as a Case Study. Modern Historical and Political Issues, (37-38), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.56-61
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