The Conceptual Principles of Relations Between Romania and the European Communities (1980ʼs - early 1990ʼs)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.174-189Abstract
The author investigates the deepening of relations between Romania and the European Communities during the 1980ʼs and early 1990ʼs. It was established that the deepening and development of relations with the EEC influenced Romania ambiguously, however, in general, in the early 1980's, it contributed to its economic upsurge. N. Ceausescu pursued a policy of intensive industrialization of the CPR, in order to transform Romania into a powerful state of the region, which was associated with the improvement of relations with the European Communities.
Taking into account the insolvency of Romania, it has been shown that, the threat of interference in internal affairs has led to Bucharest's policy of austerity saving since 1982 for early repayment of debts. It is concluded that although Romania freed itself of financial obligations in 1989, but ignoring the needs of the domestic market put Romanian society at the brink of poverty and humanitarian catastrophe, which created the preconditions for the overthrow of the N. Ceausescuʼs regime.
Keywords: Romania, European Communities, European integration, N. Ceausescu, I. Iliescu
References
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2. Asocierea Romaniei la comunitatile economice Europene, Ministerul economie, comertului si mediului de afaceri. Comert Exterior. Режим доступу: http://www.dce.gov.ro/Materiale%20site/Acordul_european_01%5B1%5D.03.06.html.
3. Comunicat catre tara al CFSN – 22 dec.1989, Publicat in Monitorul Oficial, Partea I nr. 1 din 22/12/1989, Ion Iliescu. Режим доступу: http://ioniliescu.wordpress.com/media/comunicat-catre-tara-al-cfsn-22-dec1989/.
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6. Iliescu I. Cuvant introductive, Sesiunea stiintifica anuala a Іnstitutului revolutiei romane «Revolutia din decembrie 1989 si deschiderea Romaniei spre Uniunea Europeana». Palatul Parlamentului – 21 Decembrie 2007. Режим доступу: http://ioniliescu.wordpress.com/revolutia-sesiune-stiintifica/.
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10. Iliescu І. Revoluţia din decembrie şi detractorii ei (I). 17.02.2009. Режим доступу: http://ioniliescu.wordpress.com/lucrari-publicate/jurnalul-ion-iliescu-revolutia/.
11. Legea 23/1991, Parlamentul Romanei pentru ratificarea Acordului dintre Romania, pe de o parte, si Comunitatea Economica Europeana si Comunitatea Europeana pentru Energie Atomica, pe de alta parte, privind comertul si cooperarea comerciala si economica, Monitorul Oficial 51 din 15 martie 1991 (M. Of. 51/1991). Режим доступу: http://legestart.ro/Monitorul-Oficial-51-din-15.03.1991-(M.-Of.-51-1991-11103).htm.
12. Relatiile Romaniei cu Uniunea Europeana, Profesor Indrumator: Rodica Zaharia, ScriTube, Режим доступу: http://www.scritube.com/economie/comert/INTEGRAREA-ROMANIEI-IN-UNIUNEA1120112114.php#_ftnref2.
13. Roper S. D. (2000) Romania: The Unfinished Revolution, Amsterdam, Hardwood Academic Publishers, P.192.
14. Schifirneţ С. (2011)T he Europeanization of the Romanian Society and the Tendential Modernity, Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, Volume 2, Number 1, Р. 211-227.
15. Stenograma convorbirii cu membrii Сomisiei senatoriale pentru cercetarea evenimentelor din decembrie 1989. – Режим доступу: http://ioniliescu.wordpress.com/lucrari-publicate/revolutia-traita-stenograma/.
16. Teodorescu D., Andrei T., Roşca I. Gh., Profiroiu M. Turtureanu M. Local governance and corruption of a country in the process of joining the European Union (2007), Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, № 4, Р. 49-60.
17. Wagner Р. F. (2002) EU, NATO and the Transformation in Romania: Beyond “Sultanism”, EU, NATO and the Relationship between Transformation and External Behavior in Post-Socialist Eastern Europe: The Cases of the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine, Editor Reimund Seidelmann, Baden-Baden, Nomos, P. 219-291.
18. Bolovan Y. Ystoryia Rumynyy (2005), M.: Yzdatelstvo «Ves myr», 680 s.
19. Brutents K. N. (2005) Nesbyvsheesia. Neravnodushnye zametky o perestroike, M.: Mezhdunarodnыe otnoshenyia, 656 s.
20. Vlast — obshchestvo – reformy: Tsentralnaia y Yuho-Vostochnaia Evropa. Vtoraia polovyna XX veka (2006), otv. red. Э.H. Zadorozhniuk, Yn-t slavianovedenyia RAN, M.: Nauka, 442 s.
21. Vostochnaia Evropa: khronyka kontsa 1989 hoda (1990), Arhumenty y fakty, № 1, S. 4-5.
22. Hazin V. P., Kopylov S. A. (2004) Novitnia istoriia krain Yevropy ta Ameryky (1945 – 2002 roky), navch. posib. dlia stud. ist. spets. vyshch. navch. zakl., K: Lybid, 624 s.
23. Hryhoryshyn S. (1998) Formyrovanye vneshnepolytycheskoho kursa postkommunystycheskoi Rumynyy, Yevropa: idei ta protsesy: Materialy naukovoho sympoziumu, Bukovynskyi politolohichnyi tsentr, Biuro zi spivrobitnytstva v Ukraini Fondu F.Eberta, Chernivtsi, Prut, S. 153-161.
24. Evropeiskyi soiuz y novye strany–chleny: problemy adaptatsyy (2008), otv. red. k.h.n. N. V. Kulykova, M.: YE RAN, 414 s.
25. Iedynyi evropeiskyi akt, Dovidnyk z Yevropeiskoi intehratsii, Mizhnarodnyi fond «Vidrodzhennia», Fond Yevraziia, Tsentr myru, konversii ta zovnishnoi polityky Ukrainy. Rezhym dostupu: http://eu-directory.ru/index.php?act=show&doc_id=5&id=74.
26. Ylyesku Y. (2002) Rumynyia – vozrozhdenye nadezhdy, per. s rum., M.: Lohos, 208 s.
27. Kazimir R. (2003) Istoriia Yevropeiskoi Intehratsii. Vid deklaratsii Shumana do rozshyrennia na Skhid, Peremyshl.: Parlament Molodi. Rezhym dostupu: http://youth.crimeastar.net/europe/html/history/index.html.
28. Kovalova O. (2003) Intehratsiini stratehii krain Tsentralnoi i Skhidnoi Yevropy na suchasnomu etapi rozshyrennia Yevrosoiuzu, Analitychnyi shchokvartalnyk, Vypusk 1. Rozshyrennia YeS, S. 20-38.
29. Kopiika V.V. (2005) Yevropeiskyi Soiuz: Dosvid rozshyrennia i Ukraina, K.: Yurydychna dumka, 448 s.
30. Kopiika V.V., Shynkarenko T.I. (2001) Yevropeiskyi Soiuz: zasnuvannia i etapy stanovlennia. Navch. posibnyk dlia studentiv vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladiv, K.: Vydavnychyi Dim «In Yure», 448 s.
31. Loshakov A.A. (2008) Osnovnыe pryntsypы vneshnei polytyky prezydenta Rumynsii Y. Ylyesku (1990-1996 hh.), Vestnyk Nyzhehorodskoho unyversyteta ym. N.Y. Lobachevskoho, Nyzhnyi Novhorod: Nyzhehorodskyi hosunyversytet ym. N.Y. Lobachevskoho, № 5, S. 236-240.
32. Maksymenko I. (2003) Osoblyvosti formuvannia stratehii «skhidnoho» rozshyrennia YeS, Analitychnyi shchokvartalnyk, Vypusk 3, Spivpratsia YeS ta Ukrainy, S. 27-34.
33. Orlyk Y. (2009) Tsentralno-Vostochnaia Evropa: ot SEV do Evrosoiuza, Novaia y noveishaia ystoryia, № 2, Rezhym dostupu: http://perspectivy.info/print.php?ID=59591.
34. Orlyk Y.Y. (2011) Sblyzhenye dvukh yntehratsyi: SEV Y ES, Vestnyk nauchnoi ynformatsyy, № 4, Tematycheskyi vypusk, SEV: Vzghliad v XXI veke, M.: Ynstytut ekonomyky RAN, S. 117-128.
35. Orlyk Y.Y. (1979) Polytyka zapadnykh derzhav v otnoshenyy vostochnoevropeiskykh sotsyalystycheskykh hosudarstv, M.: Nauka, 367 s.
36. Ostrovskyi A.V. (2011) Hlupost yly yzmena? Rassledovanye hybely SSSR, M.: Krymskyi most-9 D, Forum, 2011, 864 s.
37. Ot vrazhdy na etnycheskoi pochve k myrnomu sosushchestvovanyiu. 29.03.2010, Radio Romania International. Ynterradyo Rumyniia. Rezhym dostupu: http://www.rri.ro/arh-art.shtml?lang=9&sec=223&art=31092.
38. Polynov M. F. (2011) «Doktryna Horbacheva» y ukhod SSSR yz Vostochnoi Evropy, Noveishaia ystoryia Rossyy, Modern history of Russia, № 2, S. 107-121.
39. Purych Sh. (1998) Rumyniia y sovremennye yntehratsyonnye protsessy, Yevropa: idei ta protsesy, Materialy naukovoho sympoziumu, Bukovynskyi politolohichnyi tsentr, Biuro zi spivrobitnytstva v Ukraini Fondu F.Eberta, Chernivtsi, Prut, S. 136-153.
40. Rendiuk T. (2010) Yevroatlantychnyi vektor zovnishnoi polityky Rumunii, Politolohichni ta sotsiolohichni studii, Zbirnyk naukovykh prats, T. IX, Chernivtsi, Bukrek, S. 305-318.
41. Rudych F. (2007) Politychni lidery i stratehii reform u krainakh Tsentralnoi i Skhidnoi Yevropy, Politychnyi menedzhment, S. 25-46. Rezhym dostupu: http://www.politik.org.ua/vid/magcontent.php3?m=1&n%20=69&c=1589.
42. Sud nad Nykolae y Elenoi Chaushesku (1989), Arhumenty i fakty, № 52. – S. 6-7; Vostochnaia Evropa: khronyka kontsa 1989 hoda (1990) Arhumenty i fakty, № 1, S. 4-5.
43. Tsentralno-Vostochnaia Evropa vo vtoroi polovyne XX veka : v trekh tomakh (2000), Red. A. D. Nekypelov, S. P. Hlynkyna, R. S. Hrynberh, Tom 1: Stanovlenye "realnoho sotsyalyzma": 1945 – 1965, Red. Y. Y. Orlyk, M.: Nauka; Tom 2: Ot stabylyzatsyy k kryzysu: 1966 – 1989 (2002), Red. B. A. Shmelev, M.: Nauka, 516 s.; Tom 3, Transformatsyy 90-kh hodov, Ch. 1 (2002) , Red. S. P. Hlynkyna, M.: Nauka, 461 s.; Tom 3, Transformatsyy 90-kh hodov, Ch. 2 (2002) , Red. S. P. Hlynkyna, M.: Nauka, 464 s.
44. Iuriichuk Yu. (1998) Polityka Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu shchodo krain Tsentralnoi Yevropy, Yevropa: idei ta protsesy: Materialy naukovoho sympoziumu, Bukovynskyi politolohichnyi tsentr, Biuro zi spivrobitnytstva v Ukraini Fondu F.Eberta, Chernivtsi, Prut, S. 162-169.
45. Iazkova A. Rumyniia na rubezhe vekov: trudnyi vykhod yz proshloho (2012) Rossyiskyi Sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam, 26 yanvaria 2012, Rezhym dostupu: http://russiancouncil.ru/?id_4=82.
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2018-12-12
How to Cite
Melnychuk, L. (2018). The Conceptual Principles of Relations Between Romania and the European Communities (1980ʼs - early 1990ʼs). Modern Historical and Political Issues, (37-38), 174–189. https://doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.174-189
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